Monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone (MBEH) is a hydroquinone derivate, also known as monobenzone or by its chemical name, p-(benzyloxy) phenol. At present, it is the most potent depigmenting agent and the mainstay of depigmentation therapy.
Hydroquinone (HQ)
HQ is the agent of choice for skin lightening. Combining HQ with a steroid cream and tretinoin have superior efficacy when compared to HQ alone. Although it's considered safe, there may be side effects and is subject to pre-market approval by Health Sciences Authority (HSA).
The most commonly used depigmenting agent is monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone (MBEH). If the patient cannot tolerate MBEH, or if treatment fails, combination therapies or other treatments may be considered.
Commonly used depigmenting agents include hydroquinone, arbutin, azelaic acid, kojic acid, ascorbic acid and resveratrol. Hydroquinone was considered to be the gold standard to treat acquired pigmentary disorders, particularly melasma.
Hydroquinone is an effective skin lightening agent. The recommended concentration over the counter is 2%, but up to 4% is available from a dermatologist in some countries. It should be used daily for no more than 6 months. Exogenous ochronosis is the main risk of excessive use of hydroquinone.
Monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone (MBEH) is a hydroquinone derivate, also known as monobenzone or by its chemical name, p-(benzyloxy) phenol. At present, it is the most potent depigmenting agent and the mainstay of depigmentation therapy.
Chlorine is a very strong oxidizing agent, which is used commercially as a bleaching agent and as a disinfectant, It is strong enough to oxidize the dyes that give wood pulp its yellow or brown color, for example, thereby bleaching out this color, and strong enough to destroy bacteria and thereby acts as a germicide.
Our analysis of the six included studies revealed that azelaic acid outperformed hydroquinone in terms of improving MASI scores.
Depigmenting agents are available in the form of creams and gels. Depigmentation is usually achieved after one to four months; however, it may take up to 12 months for complete depigmentation of a particular site. The use of a sunscreen during the day makes the depigmenting agents more effective.
Kojic acid is like a slightly stronger eraser. It also works by slowing down tyrosinase, but it's a bit more powerful than alpha arbutin.
Depigmentation therapy removes the color of your natural skin tone to match areas of your skin affected with vitiligo. Depigmentation therapy uses the drug monobenzone. You can apply this medication to pigmented patches of your skin. This will turn your skin white to match the areas of your skin with vitiligo.
Topical treatments include hydroquinone, azelaic acid, corticosteroids, tretinoin cream, GA, and trichloroacetic acid. Skin whitening products are used for clinical treatment of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.
Monobenzone acts by permanently damaging the melanocytes through the release of reactive free radicals produced by tyrosine-mediated metabolism. It is usually prepared at a concentration of 20% and applied two or three times a day on pigmented skin. Results are appreciable after 6 to 12 months of treatment.
Most commonly, celebrities resort to chemical peels or laser therapy to get rid of hyperpigmentation fast. Others opt for vitamin C supplements, retinol, or serums to lighten their skin.
The active ingredient in most whitening products is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which is delivered as hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide.
The most widely used depigmenting agent is hydroquinone. Kligman et al.
“Treatments containing ingredients like vitamin C, licorice root, and kojic acid help reduce hyperpigmentation by inhibiting tyrosinase, an enzyme responsible for the formation of skin-darkening melanin," says Ni'Kita Wilson, a cosmetic chemist in New York City.
Hydroquinone. Hydroquinone is a depigmentation agent that is present in many skin bleaching products. A person can buy a 2% solution over the counter or seek a prescription for a stronger 4% solution.
However, by far the most potent inhibitor of human tyrosinase is 4-n-butylresorcinol with an IC(50) of 21 μmol/L. In artificial skin models, arbutin was least active with an IC(50) for inhibition of melanin production > 5000 μmol/L. Kojic acid inhibited with an IC(50) > 400 μmol/L.
Cysteamine has been used in skincare products for over 50 years. It's a potent antioxidant that's produced by skin cells. While hydroquinone does work to provide temporary results, cysteamine has shown to be a viable long-term solution, not only among users, but in renowned clinical studies.
Hydrogen peroxide is attractive as a bleaching agent for secondary fibers. Hydrogen peroxide is the most frequently used chemical for high-yield pulp bleaching when high levels of brightness are required. For a mixed wastepaper furnish of ONP and OMGs, bleaching has some similarity to mechanical pulp bleaching.
HOCl is the basis of all our sanitizing and disinfecting products and solutions. It is effective against both common bacteria and harmful pathogens, and it is 80-200 times the effectiveness of bleach, all without releasing toxic fumes into the air.