What are the six areas to read fluently?

Author: Mr. Kellen Nienow DVM  |  Last update: Wednesday, September 24, 2025

Fluency – The 6 Characteristics of Fluency
  • Pausing. This refers to how students are reading the punctuation. ...
  • Phrasing. This refers to the way readers put words together in groups or phrases. ...
  • Stress. This refers to the emphasis readers place on particular words. ...
  • Intonation. ...
  • Rate. ...
  • Integration.

What are the six areas of reading?

Research has shown that there are six key components that contribute to successful beginning reading. Because of the importance of these components, they have become known as 'The Big Six': oral language, phonological awareness, phonics, vocabulary, fluency and comprehension.

What are the 6Ps of reading fluency?

The 6Ps (pace, passion, pause, pitch, punctuation and power) are used to support the teaching of reading fluency and referenced during teacher feedback and peer discussions.

What are the 6 pillars of reading?

For beginning readers, all the components of the Big 6—oral language, phonological awareness, phonics, vocabulary, fluency and comprehension—need to be integrated throughout reading opportunities across the day, even though teachers may highlight these individual components at different times.

Which 6 areas do children need to develop to read fluently and automatically?

The 'Big Six' components of reading are discussed in further detail in the following literacy papers: 1.1 Oral language • 1.2 Phonological awareness • 1.3 Phonics • 1.4 Vocabulary • 1.5 Fluency • 1.6 Comprehension.

Reading Fluency: Speed, Accuracy, and Expression

What are the six dimensions of reading fluency?

This involves the way the reader constantly blends phrasing, pausing, stress, intonation, and rate together to be an overall fluent reader that pays attention to meaning and fluency.

Who created the Big 6 of reading?

This first paper focuses upon the recent research that underpins 'the Big Six' components that support learning to read identified by Deslea Konza. Learning to read is the most important educational outcome of primary education.

What are the six literacy skills?

  • Print Motivation.
  • Print Awareness.
  • Letter Knowledge.
  • Vocabulary.
  • Narrative Skills.
  • Phonological Awareness.

What is the big six theory?

Big6 (Eisenberg and Berkowitz 1990) is a six-step process that provides support in the activities required to solve information-based problems: task definition, information seeking strategies, location and access, use of information, synthesis, and evaluation (see figure 1).

What are the 6 pillars?

The six pillars are: Trustworthiness, Respect, Responsibility, Fairness, Caring and Citizenship. CHARACTER COUNTS! recommends always using these pillars in this specific order to all the use of the acronym of T.R.R.F.C.C. to help remember each pillar. Be honest.

What are the 6 levels of fluency?

The ILR scale includes six levels:
  • 0 - No proficiency. This means that knowledge of the language is nonexistent or limited to a few words.
  • 1 - Elementary proficiency. ...
  • 2 - Limited working proficiency. ...
  • 3 - Professional working proficiency. ...
  • 4 - Full professional proficiency. ...
  • 5 - Primary fluency / bilingual proficiency.

What is Super 6 reading strategy?

Making Connections, Predicting, Questioning, Monitoring, Visualising and Summarising . . . better known as the 'Super Six'!

What are the IEP targets for reading fluency?

Reading skill: Fluency

Sample IEP Goal: By the end of the school year, the student will read grade-level text orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression at 90 words per minute with 90% accuracy, as measured by teacher records on three consecutive occasions.

What are the 6 reading domains?

The reading domains of KS2 include author choice, vocabulary, compare, contrast and comment, retrieval, inference, summary and prediction. 'Any test, examination, research study or assessment has a content domain. This is the information or criteria that is being examined or tested.

What are the 5 core areas of reading?

The National Reading Panel identified five key concepts at the core of every effective reading instruction program: Phonemic Awareness, Phonics, Fluency, Vocabulary, and Comprehension.

What are the 6 strands of literacy?

Listening, viewing, speaking, representing, writing, and reading are complex cognitive and social processes that work together as a whole in literacy learning. In reading, viewing, and listening, students construct meaning from texts created by others.

What are the six pillars of reading?

Because of the importance of these components, they have become known as the 'Big Six': oral language, phonological awareness, phonics, vocabulary, fluency and comprehension. In the early years of schooling, literacy lessons will incorporate the Big Six.

Which 6 areas do children need to develop in order to read fluently?

Here are six essential skills needed for reading comprehension , and tips on what can help kids improve this skill.
  • Decoding. Decoding is a vital step in the reading process. ...
  • Fluency. ...
  • Vocabulary. ...
  • Sentence construction and cohesion. ...
  • Reasoning and background knowledge. ...
  • Working memory and attention.

What is the Big Six technique?

  1. 1 Task Definition. 1.1 Define the information problem: Shape and redefine the research requirements. ...
  2. 2 Information-Seeking Strategies. 2.1 Brainstorm the range of possible sources: In the college environment, we call this a literature review. ...
  3. 3 Location and Access. ...
  4. 4 Use of Information. ...
  5. 5 Synthesis. ...
  6. 6 Evaluation.

What are the 7 C's of literacy?

The seven skills are: • Collaboration • Communication • Creativity • Critical Thinking • Character • Citizenship • Computational Thinking If we believe our work as teachers is mainly to prepare students for successful futures, then we should give opportunities for students to strengthen these skills.

What are 6 key features of the structured literacy approach?

What Are the Components of Structured Literacy?
  • Phonology.
  • Sound-Symbol Association.
  • Syllables.
  • Morphology.
  • Syntax.
  • Semantics.

What are the six foundational literacies?

The World Economic Forum noted that there are six types of foundational literacy, consisting of literacy in words and letters, numeracy, scientific, information and communication technology or digital literacy, financial, and cultural literacy and citizenship.

What are the 5 keys to reading?

The 5 specific reading sub-skills of phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension should be taught explicitly and systematically so all children become capable readers. Explicit teaching of these important skills is not yet consistently happening in Australian schools.

What are the big 6?

The Big Six (previously the Big Five, Big Two, and Big Four) is an informal term used to describe a group of six clubs in the Premier League—Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, and Tottenham Hotspur—often recognised for their sustained success and financial strength in the competition.

What is the cognitive process of reading?

Reading is a cognitive process that involves conscious mental activities like thinking, understanding, and learning. It can be bottom-up, involving remembering sound combinations to form words, or top-down, where the reader predicts and hypothesizes based on past experiences.

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